Racy Ming • History of the Chi Pao

HISTORY OF THE CHI PAO

Today’s modern chi pao emerged in the 1920’s, with its roots in the costumes of the Manchu (Ch’ing Dynasty, 1644-1922) and Han (Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644) peoples.

When the Manchu people came to power, they instituted strict policies regarding personal appearance. All government officials were required to wear Manchu-style clothing, and Han men were required to shave their foreheads and wear their hair braided in queues. The Manchus were also known as the “Banner People.” Manchu women typically wore a one-piece long dress which became known as a chi pao or banner dress.

At the turn of the twentieth century, China was emerging from imperial rule and becoming more influenced by Western fashion. The traditional chi pao became more form fitting. Advertisements in the 1930’s often featured “Shanghai girls” in chi paos. (Top right)

After the Communist took power in 1949, chi paos fell from favor in Shanghai, but continued to be worn in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other parts of the world where Chinese emigrants resided. In the 1950’s, chi paos became more functional and were available in varying lengths and in different types of fabric. (Bottom right)

The modern Chinese diaspora often celebrate their heritage by including the chi pao during wedding celebrations. Brides of Chinese heritage often wear chi paos during their tea ceremonies and wedding receptions, with many changing into multiple chi paos during the course of the festivities.